If you move the slider for one of these primaries to the right, you are adding that much of the primary to the patch labeled "Color Match". Like the Target Color they are single-wavelength colors from the rainbow, with wavelengths of 612nm, 525nm, and 445nm. The primaries at our disposal are depicted on the left side. Using the slider at lower-right labeled "Lambda", you can change the color of this patch from deep blue at a wavelength of 400 nanometers to deep red at a wavelength of 700 nanometers. In the applet above, the "Target Color" is the patch we must match. At our disposal are three primary colors whose wavelengths are fixed, but whose intensities we may adjust on each trial to match the changing patch. In this applet we explore a common variant on this experiment, in which we try to match a patch of color whose wavelength varies through the rainbow. The color of the other two were fixed, but the user was free to adjust their intensities on each trial to achieve a match against the white patch. The color of one primary was made to vary through the rainbow over a sequence of trials. His experiment consisted of trying to match a patch of white light using an additive superposition of three single-wavelength primaries. This matching experiment was first undertaken in the 1850's by James Clerk Maxwell (of Maxwell's equations fame). We also said that this record can be plotted as three curves, which are called the "trichromatic matching functions". In our introduction to color theory, we showed that for a given choice of three primary colors, one can record the amount of each primary required to visually match each color in the rainbow.
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